What is a common source of waterborne pathogens?

A common source of waterborne pathogens includes contaminated surface water, untreated wastewater, and poorly maintained sewage systems. These sources are often rich in microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans when ingested through water. Surface water bodies, such as rivers and lakes, can become contaminated due to runoff from agricultural areas, industrial discharges, or urban activities. Untreated wastewater may contain harmful pathogens as well, especially in regions where sanitation infrastructure is lacking. Poorly maintained sewage systems can lead to leaks and overflows, introducing pathogens into the surrounding environment.

In contrast, rainwater collection systems can be safe if properly managed, while properly treated groundwater undergoes processes to eliminate pathogens, making it a generally safe source of drinking water. Municipal water supplies are typically treated to meet safety standards, reducing the risk of waterborne diseases. Thus, option A accurately represents a prominent concern regarding the spread of pathogens through water sources.