What is the primary purpose of coagulation in water treatment?

The primary purpose of coagulation in water treatment is to remove solids from the water. Coagulation involves the addition of chemical coagulants, such as aluminum sulfate or ferric chloride, to the water. These coagulants facilitate the aggregation of small particles, including suspended solids and colloidal materials, into larger clumps called flocs. Once these flocs have formed, they can be more easily removed through subsequent processes such as sedimentation or filtration.

This process is critical because it enhances the efficiency of the water treatment process by reducing turbidity and improving water clarity. The removal of suspended solids also helps to decrease the potential for bacterial growth and the presence of organic materials that could contribute to taste and odor issues later in the treatment process. Thus, while coagulation indirectly supports other treatment objectives, its primary aim is focused on the effective removal of solids to ensure cleaner and safer drinking water.