Which chemical can be used to lower the hardness of water?

Sodium tripolyphosphate is effective in lowering the hardness of water because it acts as a chelating agent. When added to hard water, sodium tripolyphosphate binds with calcium and magnesium ions, which are the primary contributors to water hardness. This binding process forms soluble complexes that help to prevent the formation of scale and reduce overall hardness levels.

The use of sodium tripolyphosphate is particularly prevalent in water treatment because it not only inhibits scale formation but can also improve the efficiency of water treatment processes by enhancing the solubility of other minerals. In contrast, substances like calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate would increase the hardness of water, while calcium hydroxide, although sometimes used in treatment processes, primarily serves to increase pH and does not effectively lower hardness. Thus, sodium tripolyphosphate is a preferred choice for managing water hardness.