Which process in water treatment helps remove sediment and particulate matter?

The process of clarification plays a critical role in water treatment by effectively removing sediment and particulate matter from water. During clarification, water is allowed to sit in a sedimentation tank or basin, enabling larger particles to settle at the bottom due to gravity. This process helps in separating the clear water from the settled solids, known as sludge.

While flocculation, coagulation, and other methods are also significant in the overall treatment process, they serve different purposes. Flocculation involves the mixing of chemicals that promote the clumping together of smaller particles into larger flocs, which will then settle out during clarification. Coagulation follows a similar rationale in that it uses chemicals to destabilize particles so they can form flocs. Desalination, on the other hand, specifically addresses the removal of salts and minerals from seawater or brackish water, rather than sedimentary material.

In summary, clarification is the specific stage in the water treatment process dedicated to removing settled solids, thereby enhancing the clarity and quality of the water for further treatment or distribution.